DNA analysis of an early modern human from Tianyuan Cave, China
Abstract
Hominins with morphology similar to present-day humans appear
in the fossil record across Eurasia between 40,000 and 50,000 y
ago. The genetic relationships between these early modern humans
and present-day human populations have not been established.
We have extracted DNA from a 40,000-y-old anatomically modern
human from Tianyuan Cave outside Beijing, China. Using a highly
scalable hybridization enrichment strategy, we determined the
DNA sequences of the mitochondrial genome, the entire nonrepetitive
portion of chromosome 21 (∼30 Mbp), and over 3,000 polymorphic
sites across the nuclear genome of this individual. The
nuclear DNA sequences determined from this early modern human
reveal that the Tianyuan individual derived from a population that
was ancestral to many present-day Asians and Native Americans
but postdated the divergence of Asians from Europeans. They also
show that this individual carried proportions of DNA variants derived
from archaic humans similar to present-day people in mainland Asia.
"...It carries all substitutions that have been used to define a group of
related mtDNA sequences- “haplogroup R”—and in addition a deletion of a 9-bp motif (5′-
CCCCCTCTA-3′, revised Cambridge reference sequence positions
8,281–8,289) as well as a substitution at position 16,189 (Fig. S3A),
which together have been used to define a group of related
mtDNA sequences, “haplogroup B” (11–13), within haplogroup R.
In addition, it carries four substitutions (5,348, 5,836, 11,257,
16,293) that are not defining subgroups of haplogroup B (14–17).
Thus, it is related to the mtDNA that was ancestral to present-day
haplogroup B ..."
"...Today, mtDNA of haplogroup B occurs in Native Americans,
populations of the Russian Far East, Central Asia, Korea, Taiwan,
Melanesia, and Polynesia. It is thus widespread in Asia and
America..."
"...The results show that early modern humans present in the
Beijing area 40,000 y ago were related to the ancestors of many
present-day Asians as well as Native Americans. However, they had
already diverged from the ancestors of present-day Europeans..."
Qiaomei Fu et al. DNA analysis of an early modern human from Tianyuan Cave, China. PNAS, published online before print January 22, 2013; doi: 10.1073/pnas.1221359110
http://www.pnas.org/content/110/6/2223.short
Charlie Hatchett
www.pre-clovis.com
www.forum.pre-clovis.com
www.blog.pre-clovis.com
Abstract
Hominins with morphology similar to present-day humans appear
in the fossil record across Eurasia between 40,000 and 50,000 y
ago. The genetic relationships between these early modern humans
and present-day human populations have not been established.
We have extracted DNA from a 40,000-y-old anatomically modern
human from Tianyuan Cave outside Beijing, China. Using a highly
scalable hybridization enrichment strategy, we determined the
DNA sequences of the mitochondrial genome, the entire nonrepetitive
portion of chromosome 21 (∼30 Mbp), and over 3,000 polymorphic
sites across the nuclear genome of this individual. The
nuclear DNA sequences determined from this early modern human
reveal that the Tianyuan individual derived from a population that
was ancestral to many present-day Asians and Native Americans
but postdated the divergence of Asians from Europeans. They also
show that this individual carried proportions of DNA variants derived
from archaic humans similar to present-day people in mainland Asia.
"...It carries all substitutions that have been used to define a group of
related mtDNA sequences- “haplogroup R”—and in addition a deletion of a 9-bp motif (5′-
CCCCCTCTA-3′, revised Cambridge reference sequence positions
8,281–8,289) as well as a substitution at position 16,189 (Fig. S3A),
which together have been used to define a group of related
mtDNA sequences, “haplogroup B” (11–13), within haplogroup R.
In addition, it carries four substitutions (5,348, 5,836, 11,257,
16,293) that are not defining subgroups of haplogroup B (14–17).
Thus, it is related to the mtDNA that was ancestral to present-day
haplogroup B ..."
"...Today, mtDNA of haplogroup B occurs in Native Americans,
populations of the Russian Far East, Central Asia, Korea, Taiwan,
Melanesia, and Polynesia. It is thus widespread in Asia and
America..."
"...The results show that early modern humans present in the
Beijing area 40,000 y ago were related to the ancestors of many
present-day Asians as well as Native Americans. However, they had
already diverged from the ancestors of present-day Europeans..."
Qiaomei Fu et al. DNA analysis of an early modern human from Tianyuan Cave, China. PNAS, published online before print January 22, 2013; doi: 10.1073/pnas.1221359110
http://www.pnas.org/content/110/6/2223.short
Charlie Hatchett
www.pre-clovis.com
www.forum.pre-clovis.com
www.blog.pre-clovis.com
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