Naia Reborn: See the Surprising Face of a First American

 

By Alan Boyle

 

 

Researchers and artists have reconstructed the face of a teenage girl who lived 12,000 years ago in Mexico, and it's not the kind of face a person might typically associate with Native Americans.

The remains of the girl, nicknamed Naia (after the Greek term for a water nymph), were recovered from an underwater cave on Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula. Naia is regarded as one of the earliest known residents of the Americas — but her skull has a shape associated with African or South Pacific populations rather than the typical Siberian look.

Despite that different look, researchers say Naia is genetically related to Native Americans who came to America later, from Siberia via the Beringia land bridge.

 

  

http://player.theplatform.com/p/2E2eJC/nbcNewsOffsite?guid=f_skull_cave_140514

What's behind the facial differences? Anthropologist James Chatters, one of the leaders of the research team behind Naia's discovery, suggests that the earliest "Northern Hemisphere wild-type" populations may have been distinguished by robust-looking males and softer-featured females — and that natural selection eventually favored the more robust features that are associated with later populations of Native Americans.

That's a controversial claim. Other anthropologists say the differences may merely be due to natural variations within a given population.

The facial reconstruction is based on Chatters' scientific work and sculptor Tom McClellan's artistic flair. The same duo collaborated on a similar reconstruction based on the remains of Kennewick Man, a Paleoamerican who lived 9,000 years ago in present-day Washington state.

To learn more about Naia's reborn face, and about the First Americans, check out the cover story in the January issue of National Geographic magazine.

Solutrean hypothesis: genetics, the mammoth in the room

Solutrean hypothesis: genetics, the mammoth in the room

The Solutrean hypothesis for the origin of the Clovis archaeological culture contends that people came
from south-western Europe to North America during the Last Glacial Maximum. This hypothesis has received numerous critiques, but little objective testing, either of cultural or genetic evidence. We contest the assertion that there is NO genetic evidence to support this hypothesis, and detail the published evidence, consistent with a pre-Columbian western Eurasian origin for some founding genetic markers, specifically mtDNA X2a, and some autosomal influence, found in ancient and modern Native American populations. The possibility that the inferred pre-Columbian western autosomal influence came more directly than through Siberia is not even considered in such studies. The mtDNA X2a evidence is more consistent with the Atlantic route and dates suggested by the Solutrean hypothesis and is more parsimonious than the assumption of a single Beringian entry, that assumes retrograde extinction of X in East Eurasia.


https://www.academia.edu/9562579/Solutrean_hypothesis_genetics_the_mammoth_in_the_room